Dynamic Signal Analysis Basics

DSA is often referred to Dynamic Signal Analysis or Dynamic Signal Analyzer depending on the context. DSA uses various technologies for digital signal processing. Among them, the most fundamental and popular technology is based on the so-called Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The FFT transforms the time domain signals into the frequency domain. To perform FFT-based measurements, it is important to understand the fundamental issues and computations involved.

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Auto-Wake Function for Data Acquisition (DAQ), Machine Condition Monitoring, and Vibration Analysis

The auto-wake feature is a new and powerful function provided in EDM 10.0 software. This feature allows users to set up a wake-up alarm for Spiders to power on, perform a test, and power off. Users can upload up to 8 predefined tests and run these in Black Box mode (without a connection to a computer or network to run). This convenient mode allows users to acquire data autonomously or with little user intervention.

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Advantages of Circular Recording vs. Standard Timestream Recording

Some data acquisition applications will inevitability run into one of the most common problems of the information age: information overload. Today, modern DAQ systems, such as the highly versatile Crystal Instruments Spider product line, can store significant amounts of vibration data. Now, memory limitations are significant. However, sifting through large amounts of data in order to capture a small transient event is undesirable.

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Watch how our products are designed and made.

Founded in 1996, Crystal Instruments designs and manufactures instrumentation products for machine vibration monitoring, dynamic measurement, and environmental testing. The products are developed in Silicon Valley and our modern lab in North Carolina. Crystal Instruments products are thoroughly tested on a variety of vibration shakers and environmental chambers in our lab during the design phase to meet the extreme requirements of military and aerospace applications.

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Alias Rejection and Alias-free Bandwidth

There are two steps for converting an analog signal into a digital signal – quantization in time (sampling) and quantization of amplitude. Any signal that goes through the sampling process is subject to the effect of aliasing. The common use of the word ‘alias’ is used to describe a false name or identity, which is similar to how the term is used in signal processing.

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Record Time Waveform and Save its Spectra on CoCo-80X

The CoCo’s Save and Record functions are generally only discussed in the context of separate measurements. Although the Save and Record functions cannot be executed simultaneously, the CoCo is still able to store both the time waveform and FFT from the same set of original data. By exploiting the fact that FFT/block signals are always being buffered in the CoCo’s RAM, we can acquire the FFT signals while simultaneously recording the time waveforms to the SD card.

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New Ultra-compact Spider-20H, Spider-20HE, & Spider-20i with 256 kHz Sampling Rate

Featuring the highest sampling rate provided in the industry at 256 kHz. Handheld battery powered system with wired & wireless network options and 20V input range. Sync between multiple devices. Choose the convenient portable model or industrial model for permanent mounting.

The Spider-20H, Spider-20HE, and Spider-20i received a hardware upgrade to support an impressive 256 kHz samping rate on all 4 input channels. It is the highest sampling rate offered in the market of compact analyzers. The high sampling rate is especially beneficial for measuring high orders and transient capture in blast tests, pyroshock events, drop shock tests, crash tests, etc.

In addition to the high samping rate, the input range is expanded to 20V to capture larger signals.

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Spiders with 256 kHz Sampling Rate

Crystal Instruments EDM 9.0 release introduces new additions to the Spider product line featuring support for sampling rates up to 256 kHz.

The new Spider-80Hi and Spider-80Ci are scalable versions of the Spider system featuring the impressive new 256 kHz sampling rate. Recording can also be performed at sampling rates up to 256 kHz for all input channels, up to 512 channels per Spider system.

The compact, ultra-portable four channel version of the Spider has also been developed to support a 256 kHz sampling rate. Currently, three variations of the compact Spiders supporting the 256 kHz sampling rate are available: Spider-20H, Spider-20HE, Spider-20i.

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CoCo-80X: Designed for Usability

Today’s engineering tools are the result of constant software development, but these developments aren’t always best for the end-user. Engineers who are heavily invested in their tools will be reluctant to switch to a new device. In a time where software is constantly changing, people don’t have the time to struggle with new software interfaces. Especially field technicians, whose job is to collect and analyze data, don’t like wasting time getting used to a new software interface. Their job is already complicated, and is only made worse with a complicated measurement device. If their tools are too complicated to use, engineers will look for a simpler solution.

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Post Process Data Acquired and GPS-stamped by the CoCo-80X

There are often instances where it may be beneficial to add location information to your acquired data. With the CoCo-80X, these GPS signals can be acquired simultaneously with other measurements -- there is no need to carry a separate GPS device. The CoCo-80X’s large LCD and touch-screen interface makes it easy to use the analyzer and acquire data. All measurements are combined into a single test file, so there’s no need to manage files.

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You have ten fingers, but that doesn’t mean the input range has to be 10 volts!

I’ve always wondered why some instruments in the market set their hardware input range to 10 V. Perhaps the hardware designer for these instruments possessed ten fingers and chose 10 V out of convenience. I can imagine their bosses eagerly approving the use of 10 V as well, because they too have ten fingers!

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Crystal Instruments “CoCo” Dynamic Signal Analyzer Released with Advanced Connection Options, Large Touchscreen, Powerful Processor

In response to industry demands for reliable vibration data collection and dynamic signal analysis with complex real-time processing, Crystal Instruments has developed the CoCo-80X. The instrument is equipped with a 7-inch LCD touchscreen, a dual-core DaVinci series 1GHz processor, and a wide-range of connection options including CAN Bus, USB 2.0, HDMI, Ethernet, and SD card. CoCo-80X is also Wi-Fi and GPS enabled. 

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What am I going to do with 128 channels?

The short answer is, “a lot!” DSA (dynamic signal analyzer) users will immediately be able to do more of what they already do, faster and easier. VCS (vibration control system) users will discover new and safer ways of testing products to requirement specifications. 

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Data Recording and EDM Post Analyzer – the Thinking Man’s Alternative

 

CI offers EDM Post Analyzer software, a powerful adjunct to your Spider-based analysis tool kit, allowing you to analyze recordings made using your Spider front-end modules. The beauty of this approach is that it lets you analyze and reanalyze digitally recorded data after the recording event. “But wait,” you say. “Isn’t that the way we used to work when we had to lug 75 pound FM recorders around?” The answer is yes and no.

Yes, in that the recording is made before analysis methods and details must be fully decided upon. No because the recorded data may include things the FM recorder could never capture, is database-filed and SQL searchable, can be initiated from a remote site via internet, has dynamic range and frequency span unheard of when analog tape was king and is fully compatible with all of your EDM analysis software.

Recording first and analyzing second makes great sense to first-responding problem solvers. Simply recording does not require all of the tactical measurement decisions be made before data is taken. Often a new problem requires some “get acquainted” measurements to really define the difficulty and its root cause. We are often not smart enough to guess what causes our new challenge. We need to look at some representative measurements from different analytic viewpoints to begin to understand the problem and home in on its solution. The approach is eminently suitable for a team effort. A recording technician can acquire data using minimum equipment while the analyst can remain on post with his analytic workstation.

Consider a typical scenario. Your NVH team is part of a broader coalition of engineers evaluating a prototype SUV as its release time draws near.  Several drivers have reported annoying “boom periods” during their durability loops. You grab a recorder-programmed Spider-80x, some microphones and cables and head to the track. A small DC-DC converter lets you power the small 1.3 kg 8-channel /2-tachometer Spider module from vehicle power (a mere 10 Watt draw). You have enough channels to measure a microphone at every seating position plus a couple of accelerometers or conditioned chassis strain gages. Having two dedicated tachometer channels let you monitor both engine RPM and drive shaft RPM, a real boon in this age of automatic and continuously variable transmissions (CVT)!

Spider-80X is a very capable recorder. It has 4 GByte of on-board flash memory, enough to store more than ¼ hour at a blazing 102.4 kHz sample rate for all 8 inputs and both tachs. Reduce the sample rate on the input channels and recording time increases proportionately (while the pulse tachometers are still sampled at maximum resolution). Its inputs span ±20 Volts with an unrivaled 150 dB dynamic range provided by dual 24-bit ADCs and our patented stitching algorithm, so there is no need to fiddle with input attenuator settings. All data is recorded in 32-bit single-precision floating-point format (per IEEE 754-2008). Recording may be controlled using the front panel Start and Stop buttons, or you can use your iPad® tablet running our EDM App for iPad.

Your recordings can find their way to “analysis central” by any means ranging from sneaker-net to internet. Now EDM Post Analyzer can go to work for you, using any and all of the DSA analysis tools available for live data analysis. The data streams recorded can be analyzed and reanalyzed in any manner you choose. If you wish to examine the full recorded bandwidth – no problem!  If you want to analyze a smaller bandwidth, or zoom into a far narrower frequency span – no problem – the necessary anti-aliasing filtration and data down-sampling occur automatically when you select an analysis bandwidth. Use FFT and spectrum averaging, employ nth-Octave analysis. Order-normalize your measurements based on either recorded tachometer. Recursively conjure those “what if” scenarios and make the appropriate measurements to prove or disprove each hypothesis. Do all of the proper “detective work” you would do if you were on-station with an analyzer and had the prototype exclusively available to you.  But do all of these things in the comfort of your lab without having to acquire additional field measurements while other test occupy the prototype hardware.

EDM Post Analyzer offers a new way to focus your intellect upon the problems of your enterprise. Now you can exhaustively reanalyze recorded questions as you learn from one analysis and formulate the next. Try this thinking man’s alternative – you’re sure to like it. It was designed to support and augment your natural curiosity and intuition when confronting a new problem. Think of it as a structural detective’s newest best friend.

 

Define and Measure Dynamic Range

One of the breakthrough features of the CoCo-80, Spider-80X, and Spider-81 is their outstanding dynamic range performance of 160 dBFS. This kind of performance has never before been achieved with such small, portable, and low cost devices. The main advantage of this high dynamic range is that it eliminates the need to adjust the input gain/range settings on the front end, thus simplifying the setup and measurement process. Both full scale 10 volt signals and very small microvolt signals are measured at the same time with no adjustments. This capability makes setup and testing more simplified in comparison with an instrument capable of only a lower dynamic range.

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